Introduction Our favorite time in Napa Valley is in early Spring during the middle of the week; everything is green, bud break has already occurred, the grapes are leafing out, the summer crowds have not yet hit, and as a result there is less traffic and the weather is usually decent. Parts of late Fall after the harvest can also be a good time to visit as it is less crowded then summer and there are less time constraints on the wineries. Winter sees rain, the amounts can vary quite a bit from year to year and there are usually some periods of decent weather with temperatures in the low 60's during the day. Harvest itself is a fun and absolutely crazy time to be in the valley (especially if you are in the industry). There is an air of excitement in the Napa area that you can only have during harvest time; loaded trucks with bins of grapes are flying down the roads to winery facilities, barrels and tanks are constantly moving around, walk into a wine lab and smell the unmistakable odor of yeast, enology & viticulture consultants find that their

cell phones are invariably an extension of their head, and around the wineries, you can smell the awesome sweet smell of grapes and fermenting juice. Yea!

If we were to pick a wine that Napa Valley is known for it would be Cabernet Sauvignon. With well over 470 wineries visited to date, we've enjoyed some stellar Napa cabs along the way! You of course will find many wineries that make Chardonnay & Sauvignon Blanc. Merlot is common, and as you reach the southern end of the Napa Valley which is a cooler climate you will find Pinot wineries. These are just the more common varietals - there are Napa wineries making much less known wines and growing and using different varietals besides the "mainstream" ones.

According to the TTB there are 609 winery permits within Napa County ranging from the large tourist type wineries to the smaller family and really small boutique wineries to those not open to the public. Some have physical winery facilities, many do not and custom crush. We have personally visited, tasted, or toured at all of the Napa Wineries listed on this site. (470+ to date out of 700+ on our list)

Tasting
Tasting in the Napa Valley really varies in price because often there are multiple options. Most large wineries charge admission for their tours and or tastes and generally range from $5 to $75 per person. In our opinion, research Napa wineries ahead of time & also make several appointments at the non touristy Napa wineries. This gets you off the "beaten path" & provides a more personal feel to your tasting.

• General Wine Tasting (often $10-20 per person - 3-5 wines tasted) - appointments may or may not be required. A Wine glass is sometimes included - but somewhat rare.
• Reserve Room Tasting (contain wines made in lower quantities, higher priced and are more valued - a wine glass sometimes included)
• Tour combined with tasting (typical tours by themselves often run 60-90 minutes)
• Sit down Wine and food Pairings - often are several hours
• Wine Seminar (May include food Pairings, often includes taste and smell tests)
• Additional Winery Attractions (Trams, Galleries, Sculptures, Architecture, Paintings etc.)

The majority of businesses producing wine commercially in the Napa Valley area are private. By this we mean they typically do not see visitors for tastings at all as their sales may come entirely from their mailing list or select distribution such as restaurants or wine shops. We clearly label these wineries as "private" in our descriptions, leave them off the maps and do not include their physical addresses in the write-ups. By the end of this project, we will have visited with most of these wineries.

Many of the "big" tourist Napa Wineries are located along the "wine strip" on Highway 29/128. These are typically large production wineries and tasting appointments are not usually necessary. Often wineries will have something that sets them apart from the rest of the "crowd". In our Napa winery descriptions we try to note anything at a winery that is special or sets that particular winery apart from the others whether its the type of wines or something else. The nearest town to each winery is listed with the "address" in our descriptions; often the wineries are *not* within the actual town. Many walk in and some appointment only wineries have Wine Clubs. For a shipment fee you are sent bottles of their wines - often of wines that are not released to the general public. Wine club membership typically qualifies you for other benefits (members only dinners, free or discount tours & tastes etc). Picnics are not usually allowed at many of the wineries although check specific websites for details. Of the wineries that will see visitors, we estimate about 2/3 of these offer tastes and or tours which require an appointment - however there are many that have

walk in tasting rooms open to the public (also note that if a winery has few customers - typically winter weekdays - some "appointment only" wineries honor the "10 second appointment" rule. Wineries that offer tours are often 45-120 minutes in length. You will want to factor in a break for lunch. Our recommendation is 2 wineries before lunch and 1-2 after. Napa Valley Wineries typically open around 10am and close between 4pm and 5pm. All wineries reviewed in this project are listed in alphabetical order.

All phone numbers provided are 707 area code. For reference, St. Helena Highway is highway 128/29 and runs along the west side of Napa Valley. The Silverado Trail runs the length of most of the east side of Napa Valley.

Complimentary wine tasting is available at a handful of walk-in wineries. Some wineries will waive the tasting fee with wine purchases. A handful of appointment only wineries have free tasting, however their production is usually small and their livelihood in part depends on direct purchases of wine. Most people who visit small wineries realize this, are wine enthusiasts (or are with someone who is), and will often end up making a purchase.

Family Owned
If a winery tells you they are among only a few family owned wineries in Napa Valley, that is not true. Sure their are a number of large corporate owned wineries who do own a lot of acreage but there are many small and not so small family owned wineries in Napa Valley. The vast majority of Napa wineries by numbers are still family owned.

Favorites
There is no "the best" winery or wine in Napa. However, we have amassed some our own favorites based on the criteria below.

		Sweet Wines If wineries produce a sweet wine such as a Muscat, Port or Late Harvest they often tell you that most people enjoy their particular sweet wine because its not syrupy. Not all wineries in the Napa Valley make dessert wines - in fact you can do a lot of tasting and never see it on the tasting menu. There are a select few wineries specializing in "sweet" wines. Tasting Cards Winery employees who are typically from "large wineries" open to the public by walk-in often visit other similar wineries and drop off what are called Tasting Cards. These cards often will give one either complementary tasting or two for the price of one tasting. Sometimes the receiving winery requires the signature and or name of the person who gave you the tasting card. The tasting cards may flow more easily after purchases of wine. It is a good idea to ask tasting room staff for other winery recommendations & also inquire if they have tasting cards for their recommended wineries.

Ten second appointments
(Appointment drop-ins) - many wineries in order to satisfy county requirements for their tasting room permits have to be by appointment only and there are reasons why the county has these tasting limits. Of these "appointment only" wineries, some will accept the "10 second appointment" *if* they are not busy and do not have a gated driveway. This means if you drop by and if they are not busy typically they will take you in for a tasting and you may need to sign their "appointment book". Often these wineries are located on the Napa Valley floor and have good signage in front of their winery. The smaller wineries in the surrounding hills are generally more strict about needing prior appointments and you need to make the appointment ahead of time. Technically any appointment only winery needs to have you call in from offsite to make an appointment. In any case, you should call ahead if you know a winery has an appointment only policy.

Tours
Some wineries have daily scheduled tours - typically these are held at the larger wineries. Not all wineries have tours. Most of the time you need to pre-arrange tours ahead of time, especially with the smaller wineries. Tours typically will visit caves (if on site), fermentation tanks and may include a walk through of the vineyards. Tastings may occur during the actual tour, or there may be a formal sit down tasting at the end.

Traffic
Yes there can be bad traffic in Napa Valley but this really depends on the time of day, time of year, specific location and whether it is a weekend or not. In our experience, the main valley artery of Highway 29 & 29/128 - especially the "wine strip" from about Yountville to St. Helena, can be traffic clogged during certain times of the year (mid/late spring, summer, early fall) and especially summer weekends. Love that rough pavement that extends for about 1/2 a mile north of Yountville. Trying to wake up people heading home or what?! Typically the worst traffic in Napa Valley is in and around the city of Napa and near St. Helena - sometimes traffic is backed past the Dean & Deluca shopping center from south of St. Helena driving northbound and it can take 20+ minutes just to reach the main part of town. This normally takes just a few minutes. Traffic tends to thin out considerably once you drive north of St. Helena although it can back up on the northbound side into St. Helena and at the Calistoga stop sign, typically during commute hours only.

The other main artery in Napa Valley is the Silverado Trail located on the east side of the valley. For the most part, the Silverado Trail and certainly other small roads are not usually traffic clogged. Click here for the latest Highway 29 driving conditions.

Website Age Logins
This is based on customer honesty as you can easily bypass this requirement. A very few number of wineries (typically large corporate owned ones) in order to "satisfy" legal requirements have Age Logins on their websites. They ask you to choose your age usually from drop down Day, Month & Year menus. If you choose an age less than 21 the website refuses you entry. Some ask you to choose the country you live in - they will deny access to their site if you choose certain countries.

Tasting Etiquette Cell Phones - should be turned off during tastings or set to vibrate - especially on tours and during more intimate sit down tastings. If there is a call you absolutely have to take - take it outside. The way we see it, if you choose to go wine tasting, leave the cell phone in the car. Dump Bucket (spitting, dumping) - All wineries we visited have a "dump" bucket or some other type of container for pouring or spitting excess wine. It is normal to pour or spit wine into these provided containers if you cannot finish it. Wineries expect this and if you are not in the wine industry it can take some time to get over the perceived "weirdness" of spitting wine. Late for Appointments - this can happen even with the best thought out plans. During the research for this project it happened to us several times - you find yourself enjoying your time at one winery and lose track of time - or you do not allow yourself enough time between appointments. If you

are on an "appointment only" winery schedule always ask when making your appointment for an approximate time estimate for the tasting and or tour if there is one.

Try to schedule winery appointments at wineries that are located close to each other. Napa Valley is not huge - but there are wineries spread out all over and it can easily take up to an hour to drive between wineries far apart from each other. Allow time ample time for lunch - and note there are no restaurants along the entire Silverado Trail (with the exception of a few nearby resorts and one store/deli). Napa Valley restaurants are typically in or near the main towns along Highway 29. Take all winery phone numbers with you. If you find yourself becoming late for an appointment - call at least 10-20 minutes before the appointment time to apprise them of your situation & current location.

Payment - with the small wineries, payment is typically made after you are done with your tasting in case you decide to purchase some wine. However some of the larger and more crowded tasting rooms will take payment for the tasting right up front - as its easier for them to keep track of who is actually tasting.

Swirling - or what is known in Chemistry speak as "volatizing the esters" actually "opens up the wine" - by swirling you expose more of the wine to air and you will notice the aroma's become more noticeable and pronounced and will even change over time. Introducing oxygen to the wine can enhance the aromas and flavors. Grab the wine glass by its long stem and move it in a counter or clockwise direction so that the wine swirls around the inside of the glass for 5 to 10 seconds.

Tasting Notes - most wineries have what are called Tasting Note sheets available upon request. These sheets typically list the year of the wine, composition of the wine, sugar levels at harvest (^o brix), and actual notes about the aromas, flavor and characteristics of the wine. Sometimes these sheets can be good reminders as it can be easy to forget the types of wine you have tasted, especially if you are visiting multiple wineries.

Water - even if you aren't drinking much wine it is still easy to forget to drink during your winery visits - bring bottled water. A number of walk-in wineries also have bottled water on site for purchase.

Maps - North Napa Valley	Central Napa Valley	South Napa Valley